As countries around the world continue moving towards stricter environmental regulations, the pressure to double-down on vehicle anti-idling laws may intensify soon. People living in densely-populated areas are experiencing a stark improvement in air quality in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent shelter-in-place orders with fewer cars on the roads.
A study published by IQAir in late April 2020 analyzed the levels of what they call “the world’s deadliest air pollutant,” fine particulate matter (also known as PM 2.5), in ten major global cities who had enacted wide-spread quarantines and stay-at-home measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The study showed a reduction in air pollution particulate levels by 31 percent in Los Angeles and 25 percent in New York City compared to the same period in 2019. Compared to the average particulate level over the previous four years, LA’s air pollution dropped by 51 percent, while NYC’s dropped by 29 percent. Of the ten cities that IQAir collected and analyzed for, nine out of ten had reduced air pollution levels compared to the same period the previous year by up to 60 percent.
In an effort to help countries set goals for reducing pollution, the World Health Organization (WHO) created a set of standard targets for reducing ambient, or outdoor, air pollution. During California’s statewide lockdown, not only did LA meet WHO target air quality guidelines for the longest time period since the guidelines were created, but they also had the cleanest air quality month ever recorded for the city. Photographs of large American cities over the last several decades contrast greatly with ones taken in recent weeks, and innumerous first-hand anecdotal accounts about the decreased pollution levels show a clear preference of city residents for the cleaner air.
While we’re still learning about the impacts of COVID-19 on the body, lasting lung damage appears to be a collective experience for those most afflicted. This damage worsens when patients experience secondary respiratory ailments like pneumonia, sepsis or lung failure while fighting or recovering from the virus, and data are showing that air pollution may have an impact on COVID-19 patient recovery. Dr. Panagis Galiatsatos of Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center estimates that it could take patients’ lungs from three months to over a year to return to pre-COVID normal function, leaving them more vulnerable to lung issues in the meantime.
Besides those experiencing or recovering from COVID-19, city residents suffering from ailments like asthma, COPD, lung cancer and other pulmonary diseases are reaping the benefits of reduced air pollution. This respite and the desire to maintain the newfound cleaner air could increase pressure from the general public to minimize future air pollution.
Impact on Utility Service Providers
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, the elimination of vehicle idling would equate to removing 5 million vehicles from the road. For many cities and states, the elimination or reduction of vehicle idling may be a solid first step towards permanently reducing air pollution. More than half of U.S. states already have some form of anti-idling or idle-reduction legislation, but a survey of 48 U.S. transit agencies in 2015 named “the nature of fleet operations” as their greatest barrier to aligning their operations with idle-reduction regulations. With so much precedent across the country, it may not be long before other states follow suit by taking a simple first step towards cleaner air.
While eventually eliminating idling is environmentally important, access to idle-free vehicles remains limited by high prices and low availability. Market and scale pressures continue to prevent production of low-cost EVs that would meet expectations and requirements of the work truck world. Plus, the initial price of the vehicle doesn’t include the cost of implementing electrical charging infrastructure on-site and the additional electricity necessary to charge them. Depending on current infrastructure, the logistics of integrating those changes can be more complicated than initially meets the eye. Additionally, according to research completed by UPS in collaboration with GreenBiz, “A fleet of 200 to 300 electric trucks…requires up to four times the power needed for a facility designed for diesel trucks.”
Many facilities aren’t set up for the electrical output required to properly integrate a fully electric fleet, necessitating additional infrastructure upgrades before they could even begin using a fleet of electric work vehicles. Due to the legislations already in place, organizations that rely upon specialty work vehicles and utility trucks are left scrambling to find a suitable reduced-idling alternative to the standard vehicles they’ve used for years. A possible solution, however, is closer to their grasp than they may realize.
Hybrid Auxiliary Power
Although some fleets may not view fully electric trucks as affordable for their commercial, municipal or utility operations, there’s another option for economically reducing work vehicle idling: hybrid auxiliary power systems.
A hybrid auxiliary power system is exactly what it says: it’s a power system for vehicles that’s separate from the vehicle’s main power system. They can be used to run heavy power tools, power lift buckets, run cabin A/C and more without idling the engine. There are big cost savings in eliminating engine idling, too: fleets could save nearly $15,000 per truck per year in fuel, vehicle maintenance and depreciation costs.
Fleet managers can opt for these systems in newly-purchased work trucks or, if they aren’t interested in fully replacing their current fleet, can retrofit them on existing vehicles. Some systems, like the ones developed by Volta Power Systems and currently in operation with Oklahoma Gas & Electric, are capable of charging with an alternator while driving, eliminating the need for expensive charging infrastructure. Hybrid systems offer a scalability that isn’t possible with full-EV solutions and don’t place a limit on range. Systems that integrate into nearly any chassis can retrofit a full mix of fleet vehicles, maximizing existing investments and ensuring standardization for new vehicles.
The ability to economically and efficiently create an idle-free fleet is the first step towards meeting new and upcoming emissions regulations while maintaining adequate power levels to complete necessary work. As the global shift towards environmental consciousness continues, the ability to easily integrate technologies that prioritize protecting public health in a financially responsible way will lead the way into the future.
This commentary was written by Jack Johnson.
