Screens are an integral part of our daily lives, from smartphones and tablets to televisions and computers. While these devices offer numerous benefits, including access to information, educational content, and entertainment, there’s growing concern about the impact of excessive screen time on our well-being, particularly among children and adolescents.
The conversation around safe and healthy media device usage is more relevant than ever as parents and caregivers seek to navigate the challenges of raising digitally savvy yet healthy individuals.
“While screen time can provide educational and social opportunities,” provides Dr. Ray Christner , a seasoned psychologist whose contributions to the field extend far beyond the traditional therapy room, “it’s crucial to recognize and mitigate its potential downsides.”
The Impact of Screen Time on Well-Being
Discussions regarding screen time and its effects have become increasingly nuanced, with a growing body of research suggesting a complex relationship between digital media usage and well-being. Dr. Christner highlights the multifaceted impact of screen time on mental, physical, and social health, underlining the importance of mindful engagement with our devices.
Mental Health Concerns
Research underscores the concerns related to excessive screen time and mental health. A recent article highlighted that more hours of daily screen time were associated with lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents, including less curiosity, lower self-control, more distractibility, and difficulty making friends.
Dr. Christner echoes these findings. “Exposure to risk-taking behaviors, sexual content, and cyberbullying as significant concerns impacting young users’ mental health,” he emphasizes.
Physical Health and Sleep
A 2022 peer-reviewed article
shows that the blue light emitted by screen devices can disrupt sleep patterns by suppressing the secretion of melatonin — a hormone critical for regulating sleep — which can lead to sleep issues, further affecting physical health and well-being. Studies correlate excessive screen time with increased risks of obesity, mainly due to the sedentary nature of screen engagement, displacing time that could be spent on physical activities.
Academic Performance and Social Skills
The effects of screen time extend to academic performance and social development. A study examining the impact of screen time on child development found that heavy reliance on screen media could harm cognitive, linguistic, and social-emotional growth.
Dr. Christner points out his concerns about reduced socializing and lower school grades. “The time spent on screens can detract from more enriching learning and social interactions,” he says.
Developing a Family Media Plan
Crafting a family media plan has become a critical strategy for fostering healthy screen habits and ensuring the overall well-being of family members. Dr. Christner highlights the necessity of such planning as a proactive approach to managing screen time effectively within the household.
A successful family media plan begins by openly communicating each family member’s digital habits, preferences, and concerns. This dialogue sets the stage for establishing mutual goals and identifying family priorities, such as ensuring adequate physical activity, proper sleep, and preserving times for screen-free family interactions.
To implement this plan effectively, families should set clear screen time guidelines tailored to each member’s age and developmental needs, incorporating limits on media use and designating screen-free zones and times, such as during meals and before bedtime. The selection of high-quality, educational, and age-appropriate content is crucial, and co-viewing or co-playing is encouraged to enhance family bonds and facilitate meaningful discussions about digital content.
“Balancing screen time with non-screen activities is essential,” Dr. Christner adds. “Planning regular physical activities and hobbies and encouraging in-person social interactions can help mitigate the screen’s allure and promote a more active, socially engaged lifestyle.”
Recommendations for Screen Time by Age Group
To understand how screen time affects different age groups, Dr. Christner offers tailored recommendations to help guide families in setting appropriate boundaries. These guidelines foster healthy screen habits that evolve with a child’s developmental needs, ensuring that digital media use supports growth and learning without compromising well-being.
For infants under 18 months, the emphasis is on avoiding screen time, except video chatting with distant family members. This approach recognizes the critical importance of hands-on exploration and interaction with caregivers for brain development during these early months.
Children aged 18-24 months can be introduced to high-quality media, though Dr. Christner recommends this be limited to under one hour per day and that parents co-view to ensure interactions remain educational and engaging. This age is crucial for language development and social skills, and parental involvement can help translate on-screen content to real-world learning and connections.
For preschoolers aged 2-5 years, Dr. Christner advises capping screen time to about one hour per day of high-quality programming. At this stage, co-viewing is still essential, as it can help reinforce learning and provide opportunities for discussion and further exploration of concepts introduced through media.
Once children reach age 6 and older, the focus shifts to setting consistent limits on screen time, ensuring that it doesn’t interfere with sleep, physical activity, or other behaviors essential to health. While the guidelines suggest no more than two hours per day outside of educational purposes, the emphasis is on quality and balance. Ensuring that screen time does not displace homework, reading, and family interaction is key. On school days, stricter limits might be necessary to maintain a healthy routine.
Dr. Christner’s recommendations stress the importance of limiting the time spent in front of screens, ensuring that the content is age-appropriate, and that screen time is balanced with other critical activities. Physical play, social interaction, and adequate rest are all essential components of a child’s day, and screen time should complement — rather than replace — these activities.
Forming healthy screen habits is a collaborative effort, requiring open dialogue, consistency, and adaptability from both parents and children. As we continue adapting to an increasingly digital world, the principles laid out by Dr. Christner remind us of the importance of being intentional about our media use. By creating a family media plan that reflects a commitment to well-being, education, and connection, families can harness the benefits of digital media while safeguarding against its potential drawbacks.
Kattie About the Author: Kattie is a full-time writer based in Orlando. She has a BA in psychology from FIU and a MA in English Literature from Mercy College. A college professor, mother of 4, self-proclaimed foodie, writer, reader, teacher, yogi, Kattie likes to keep busy.
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